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Allergic reactions to latex range from Type I hypersensitivity, the most serious form of reaction, to Type IV hypersensitivity. Rate of onset is directly proportional to the degree of allergy: Type I responses will begin showing symptoms within minutes of exposure to latex, while Type IV responses may take hours or days to appear.
Type I hypersensitivity (or immediate hypersensitivity ), in the Gell and Coombs classification of allergic reactions, is an allergic reaction provoked by re-exposure to a specific type of antigen referred to as an allergen. [1] Type I is distinct from type II, type III and type IV hypersensitivities.
Type IV hypersensitivity, in the Gell and Coombs classification of allergic reactions, often called delayed-type hypersensitivity, is a type of hypersensitivity reaction that can take a day or more to develop. [1] Unlike the other types, it is not humoral (not antibody -mediated) but rather is a type of cell-mediated response.
The prevalence of latex allergy in the general population is believed to be less than one percent. In a hospital study, 1 in 800 surgical patients (0.125 percent) reported latex sensitivity, although the sensitivity among healthcare workers is higher, between seven and ten percent.
Oral allergy syndrome ( OAS) or pollen-food allergy syndrome (PFAS) is a type of allergy classified by a cluster of allergic reactions in the mouth and throat in response to eating certain (usually fresh) fruits, nuts, and vegetables. It typically develops in adults with hay fever. [1]
Environmental factors: dust mites, latex, pollen, mold, flowers smell, etc. Atopic diseases: allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, dermatitis, etc. Medication-induced reactions: antibiotics; Type II hypersensitivity
People with latex allergy often also develop allergies to bananas, kiwifruit, avocados, and some other foods. Pathophysiology Histamine, the structure shown, causes a person to feel itchy during an allergic reaction. Conditions caused by food allergies are classified into three groups according to the mechanism of the allergic response:
Type II hypersensitivity, in the Gell and Coombs classification of allergic reactions, is an antibody mediated process in which IgG and IgM antibodies are directed against antigens on cells (such as circulating red blood cells) or extracellular material (such as basement membrane).
Allergy testing can help confirm or rule out allergies and consequently reduce adverse reactions and limit unnecessary avoidance and medications.. Correct allergy diagnosis, counseling and avoidance advice based on valid allergy test results is of utmost importance and can help reduce the incidence of symptoms, and the need for medications and improve quality of life.
Medical uses. The two most commonly used methods of confirming allergen sensitization are skin testing and allergy blood testing. Both methods are recommended by the NIH guidelines and have similar diagnostic value in terms of sensitivity and specificity. [1] [2]